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What are cataracts? By Dr. Weinstein A cataract is any opacity within the lens. There are different levels of cataracts. The first is called an incipient cataract: the opacity is so small that it is not yet affecting vision. An immature cataract takes up more space in the lens and can cause blurred vision. A mature cataract gives the eye a cloudy appearance and causes vision loss. The final stage for a cataract is called a hypermature cataract. At this point, due to a loss of water and proteins in the lens, the lens actually begins to shrink. Why do

By Dr. Weinstein What is KCS? KCS (Keratoconjunctivitis sicca), also known as dry eye disease, is a condition where the cornea is inflamed due to insufficient tear production. The disease can cause corneal ulcers, scarring, and also pigmentation of the cornea. The cornea is the clear covering of the eye and it needs adequate tear production to keep the eye lubricated, to wash away foreign objects and bacteria, and also to distribute nutrients. Typically this disease has been seen more in female dogs than males. Breeds that are more commonly affected are: West Highland Terriers, English Bulldogs, pugs, Shih Tzu’s,

By Dr. Weinstein What are corneal ulcers? A corneal ulcer is the disruption or loss of the corneal epithelium (the outer cells of the cornea). This condition is usually painful and may cause irritation to the conjunctiva as well. There are three forms of ulcers. The first, called superficial, affects only the outermost layers of the cornea, such as the epithelium. The second type, a shallow-moderate ulcer, can affect up to half of the stroma. The final type is a deep ulcer which can affect over half of the stroma, and if left untreated can cause the eye to collapse.